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"Ragini MMS is a 2011 Indian found footage horror film directed by Pawan Kripalani and produced by Jeetendra and Shobha Kapoor of Balaji Telefilms. It was released on 13 May 2011 (Friday the 13th). The film is inspired by the 2007 American supernatural horror film Paranormal ActivityEkta's Ragini MMS inspired from Paranormal activity – Hindustan Times and is partly based on the real story of a girl from Delhi named Deepika. It is loosely based on Stephen King's novel Gerald's Game. The film's collection were affected due to MTV Roadies 8 . Plot The movie starts with Uday entering the house of Ragini. The door is answered by Ragini's friend. After asking Uday where they were going and getting no response, Ragini's friend gets upset and wants Uday to leave their house immediately. Uday doesn't listen and then wakes up Ragini from her sleep while ignoring her friend and tells her to get ready for their weekend getaway.They then travel by car the whole day and arrive at Uday's 'house' - a mysterious abandoned house at a deserted location. Ragini's mom calls Ragini to know her whereabouts but Ragini lies and cuts the call. Uday is involved in the hideous business of making and selling sex tapes of innocent girls. This time, he has got Ragini who thinks that he loves her, but in reality Uday is using her so he can make money. They then try to eat the dinner that they bought to the house along with them, however after seeing that the parcel had insects in it, they throw it out. They then move to the bedroom to attempt to have sex but are interrupted by a knock at the door. Ragini's friend Pia, and her boyfriend Vishal have come to visit them. Furious by their visit, Uday tells Ragini to get rid of them. But eventually, they stay for a while. After a while, Vishal asks Uday for a way to the bathroom and Uday tells him the way. Seeing a dark way to the bathroom, Vishal tells Uday that a woman used to live in the house whom her family members called witch and murdered her. After which, her spirit came alive and murdered her whole family and since then, her spirit is living at the house. At this, sensing that it is a joke, Uday starts laughing and walks away. Then Vishal is seen staring at a wall and then he enters the house from the front door as if he fell down. Sensing that something is majorly wrong with the house, Pia and Vishal leave in a hurry. Afterwards, Uday turns on the cameras without informing Ragini and ties her hands to the bed and begins to have sex with Ragini. But he is pulled by his hairs by someone. Afraid by this, he checks the room thoroughly but finds no one. He and Ragini begin to hear some noises and Uday says in Marathi that "I am not a witch". He then goes out to check the clumsy noises. He returns in a strange, frightful condition and stained with blood. Ragini instantly asks him to open her hands up but Uday is scared and out of his mind. Ragini, terribly frightened by the thought of some provoked evil spirit at this hour of night, begs Uday to unlock the handcuffs. While searching for the keys, Uday eventually drops his bag which was covering the camera and the camera comes into view of Ragini. Ragini eventually begins to know that Uday was filming a sex tape of her, to which she then reacted with pure terror, shock and anger. Uday tries to open the handcuffs with other items but suddenly something happens and Ragini gets the view of blood sunk Uday near the bed. Ragini tries to reach for the keys but is unable to do so. Some boys pass by but are not able to respond to Ragini's screams for help as the front door was locked. Suddenly, Uday picks up a pointed object and inserts it in his neck thus killing himself. Terrified by this, Ragini screams for help but no one hears her. She tries to break the bed but in vain. The night is over but she stays like that unable to open her cuffs. She then finds a piece of glass and cuts her hand to get out of the handcuffs for lubrication and after releasing herself, she runs towards the car. Upon finding the car, she sees the body of Vishal and tries to start the car but is pulled out of the car. And she then finds the body of Pia. Then someone pulls her by her hair and takes her back to the house. She sits there and the spirit then hangs her to wall for many days. The film ends in anonymous situation. In the end, it is shown that a boy found Ragini unconscious and she has to psychiatric treatment for 10 months. It can be assumed that the story is open ended and a warning for the innocent girls to be extra cautious while falling into trap of negative people. Cast * Kainaz Motivala as Ragini * Rajkummar Rao as Uday * Rajat Paul as Vishal * Janice as Piya * Shernaz as Neha * Vinod Rawat as Jigar * Harshraj Shroff as Friend 1 * Cristy Philips as Friend 2 * M. Ravichandran Thevar as Friend 3 * Mangala White as Ghost Spirit Production The film was originally titled Raginni MMS but a numerologist advised Ekta Kapoor to change it to Ragini MMS. The film took only 25 days to shoot. Total six cameras were used to shot the film including Canon 7D, Arri Alexa and a handicam. The size of the total footage shot was around 2.5 terabytes.https://bollyspice.com/ragini-mms-bollywoods-first-film-in-a-six- cam-set-up/ Release The film had a midnight première on 13 May 2011 in Pune. The film opened to a very good response in its first week grossing 77.5 million. It was steady during its second week and grossed 99.4 million at the end of its second week. The film recovered its cost within two days of release. Reception Upon release, the film met with mixed reviews. Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama gave it 4/5 stars and called it a "creepy, spine-chilling date movie" saying, "Ragini MMS amalgamates components of horror, paranormal and sex seamlessly. It titillates, it petrifies, but most importantly, it tells you a story which is daunting, imaginative and unconventional." Naresh Deoshi from Apunka Choice also gave the film 4/5 stars calling it "a damn scary film!" Ankur Pathak from Rediff.com gave the film 3.5/5 stars and said "Ekta Kapoor's new film is terrifyingly real, and immensely watchable for the cold fright it inspires. She must be lauded for relying on young actors, and believing in the risky attempt of largely untouched storytelling." Nikhat Kazmi from the Times of India gave the film 3.5/5 stars as well. She said "...Ragini MMS makes a heady cocktail of sex and horror that's so very different from run-of-the-mill Bollywood." Shubha Shetty-Saha gave the film a good review of 3/5 and said "some scenes were so scary, that I actually wanted to run out of the theatre." Mayank Shekhar from the Hindustan Times gave the film 2/5 stars, while Pankaj Sabnani from Glamsham gave the film an average review of 2.5/5 saying "Ragini MMS isn't worth 'circulating', if you have a large appetite for horror." Aniruddha Guha from DNA gave the film 2/5 saying, "Watch Ragini MMS only if you dig cheap thrills. But don't worry about losing sleep thereafter." Awards Best Searchlight Film – Ekta Kapoor Soundtrack The music is composed by S. D. Burman, Shamir Tandon, Faizan Hussain, Agnel Roman, and Bappi Lahiri. The soundtrack for the film was released on 19 April 2011. It consists of only four songs, including the hit song "Raat Akeli Hai" from the 1967 film, Jewel Thief. Erik Satie's Gymnopedie No. 1 is also heard in pieces in this film. =Track listing=Sequel A sequel to the movie, Ragini MMS 2 was made and released on 21 March 2014. Continuing the story, the sequel focused on a film crew who went back to the haunted house to shoot a film on the infamous Ragini MMS scandal. It was directed by Bhusan Patel. See also * Found footage (pseudo-documentary) ReferencesExternal links 2011 films 2011 horror films 2010s Hindi-language films Indian films Films scored by Bappi Lahiri Films scored by S. D. Burman Films scored by Shamir Tandon Films shot in India Indian erotic horror films Found footage films Indian haunted house films Indian ghost films Balaji Motion Pictures films "
"Edmund Armand Wingo (1895–1964) was a Canadian professional baseball player. He appeared in one game in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Athletics during the 1920 season as a catcher. References 1895 births 1964 deaths Baseball people from Quebec Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States Major League Baseball catchers Philadelphia Athletics players Valleyfield/Cap-de-la-Madeleine Madcaps players Quebec Bulldogs (baseball) players Outremont Canadiens players Ottawa-Hull Senators players Major League Baseball players from Canada People from Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec "
"Anna, Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (14 September 1485, Plau am Seeaccording to Mecklenburg Biogr. Encyclopedia, Volume 2; NDB says Wismar - 12 May 1525,Last documented alive on May 11, 1525. Earlier literature indicated April 28, May 5 or 6, but this is incorrect. She was buried on May 15, 1525 Rödelheim) was by marriage Landgravine of Hesse. She was a daughter of Duke Magnus II of Mecklenburg (1441–1503), and Sophie of Pomerania-Stettin (about 1460 – 1504). She was a member of the 13th Generation of the Princely House of Mecklenburg. Life "The historian has to give the landgravine a prominent place in the Hessian history", historian Hans Glagau wrote in 1899. Landgravine Anna of Hesse, born Duchess of Mecklenburg, would be worthy of a historical-critical biography. So far, however, an adequate representation of personality and life of the landgravine has not emerged. In 1500, Anna married William II of Hesse (1469–1509). She was his second wife. Due to the early death of the ruler of Upper Hesse, William III (1471–1500), and the insanity of the Regent of Lower Hesse, William I (1466–1515), all of Hesse, including the county of Katzenelnbogen, was reunited in 1500 under William II. But Wilhelm II fell ill in 1504 – probably syphilis – and was incapable of governing in the following years. In his first will (dated 1506), he appointed a Council of five guardians for his children Elisabeth (1502–1557) and Philip I (1504–1567) as well as his brother William I, his brother's wife Anna of Brunswick, and for his own wife. In his second testament (dated 1508), he determined, however, that Anna would be guardian (next to his uncle, Hermann of Cologne, who died in September 1508) and appointed two counselors to assist her. However, Anna's claim to the regency was not recognized by the Estates of the Landgraviate of Hesse, nor by Saxony. In July 1509 there was a debate between Anna and the Hessian Estates, who were supported by the Saxon dukes. The second will was not recognized. During this period Anna lived at her Wittum in Gießen with her daughter Elisabeth, while her son Philip remained in Kassel under the supervision of Ludwig von Boyneburg to Lengsfeld. She was financially dependent on the Council and did not receive much money. This is evident among other things, an incident in 1512. In that year, Anna's sister Catherine married Duke Henry IV of Saxony. On this occasion, Anna wanted to introduce her daughter Elisabeth at the Saxon court, as she had been promised at a very early age to John, the eldest son of George the Bearded. Anna requested some damask for a proper dress from the council, but the request was denied. Anna then decided not to take her daughter to Dresden, because of her "shabby clothes". Things changed in 1514: Anna came to power with the support of many nobles and cities. She was never officially recognized as a regent, but she ruled even past 1519, the year her son Philip was declared of age by Emperor Maximilian I. We know very little about the last years of her life. In 1519 she married a second time, with the 23-year-old Count Otto of Solms- Laubach, who died three years later. Offspring Anna first married on 20 October 1500 in Kassel the Landgrave William II of Hesse (1469–1509) with whom she had the following children: * Elisabeth (1502–1557) * Magdalena (1503–1504) * Philip I (1504–1567) On 7 September 1519 she married Count Otto of Solms-Laubach (1496–1522), a second marriage: * Maria (1520–1522) *Frederick Magnus I (1521–1561) * Anna (1522–1594) Importance Anna of Hesse's life is interesting from the point of view of theological history, because she directly influenced the time before the introduction of the Reformation in Hesse by Philip I in 1527. Her husband had ordered reforms in all monasteries in Hesse in his will. Anna tried to implement these reforms in some places, but the reforms only succeeded during Philip's rule, albeit he implemented them in his own way. It would seem very important for church historians to investigate Anna's influence on church policies and the church in Hesse in the Reformation in Hesse and elsewhere. She herself has worked tirelessly for the monasteries and Catholicism, causing a discord with her son. The topic is important in a broader perspective, because it is about a period in the history of Hesse that hasn't been studied much in the past: the late Middle Ages, just before the Reformation, from the perspective of a prominent female regent. The chaotic conditions in Hesse during the years 1509–1518 were caused by the fact that no legitimate ruler was available, and power had to be exercised by a woman. Also interesting in this context is the political delicacy of the conflicts between different interest groups: the Estates, Anna and Philip, the advisors appointed by William's will, the emperor and the princes of Saxony. Ancestors References * Rajah Scheepers: Regent by coup d'etat? Landgravine Anna of Hesse (1485-1525), UlrikeHelmer, Königstein 2007, * Rajah Scheepers: Two unknown engagements of Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous? - Landgravine Anna's marriage policy, in: Journal of the Society for Hessian history (109/2004), pp. 13–29. * Rajah Scheepers. "Work not suitable for women" - women, religion and political power, in: Yearbook of the European Society of Women in Theological Research (12/2004), p. 193-206. * Pauline Puppel: The Regent. Guardianship rule in Hessen 1500-1700., Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2004, * Pauline Puppel: "The child is mine and I love him." The mother Landgravine Anna of Hesse, Duchess of Mecklenburg (1485-1525), in: Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous of Hesse- Kassel and his residence. Results of the interdisciplinary symposium at the University of Kassel for the 500th Birthday of the Landgrave Philip of Hesse (17 to 18 June 2004), edited by Heide Wunder et al. (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Hessen 24.8), Marburg 2004, p. 45-56. * Pauline Puppel: Forms of widow domination. Anna of Hesse, 1485-1525, in: widow's rule in the early modern period. Princely and noble widows between external and self-determination, edited by Martina Schattkowsky (= Saxon writings on history and folklore 6), Leipzig 2003, pp. 139–161. * Pauline Puppel: The struggle for the regency between widow Landgravine Anna of Hesse and the Hessian knighthood 1509/14-1518, in: Princess and Prince. Family relationships and opportunities for aristocratic women in the Middle Ages, ed. Jörg Rogge, Ostfildern 2004 (= Medieval Research, 15), p. 247 ff. * Pauline Puppel (together with Kerstin Merkel): Landgravine Anna of Hesse, in: Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous, Hesse in the center of the Reformation, exhibition catalog, Marburg 2004, pp. 31–36. In fiction: * Anja Zimmer: Midnight Flowers. The life of Anna of Hesse,, Frauenzimmer Verlag, Volume 2007, Notes External links Landgravines of Hesse Mecklenburgian nobility People from Plau am See 1485 births 1525 deaths "