❤️ Cardonald 🐺

"Cardonald (,The Online Scots Dictionary List of railway station names in English, Scots and Gaelic – NewsNetScotland ) is an outlying suburb of the Scottish city of Glasgow. Formerly a village in its own right, it lies to the southwest of the city and is bounded to the south by the White Cart Water. The area was part of Renfrewshire until 1926 when the villages of Cardonald, Crookston, Halfway and their surrounding farmland were annexed to Glasgow.Glasgow's growing pains, Evening Times, 26 November 2012No Mean City: 1914 to 1950s Neighbourhoods Boundary Extensions, The Glasgow Story History In the 15th century the lands of Cardonald in Renfrewshire were the property of Johannes Norwald or Normanville, Dominus of Cardownalde. His granddaughter and heiress, Marion Stewart (daughter of Isabella Norwald of Cardonald and Sir William Stewart of Castlemilk), married Allan Stewart, establishing the line of Stewarts of Cardonald.Innes, John. (1993). Old Cardonald Had A Farm. Glasgow City Libraries & Archives. p.6. The Cardonald Stewarts were a junior branch of the House of Stewart. Allan Stewart of Cardonald, the first Stewart of Cardonald, was the younger son of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox. The Cardonald Stewarts had their seat at the Place of Cardonald (also known as Cardonald Castle or Cardonald House), built in 1565. It was demolished and replaced by a farmhouse - Cardonald Place Farm - in 1848. A corn mill existed in Cardonald from around 1789 until it was demolished in 1958. The site of Cardonald Mill is now occupied by the houses on Lade Terrace. The line of the Stewarts of Cardonald ended with Allan's great-grandson, James Stewart of Cardonald (1512–1584). He had served as a captain in the Scottish Guards of the Kings of France, and is buried in Paisley Abbey.Innes, John. (1993). Old Cardonald Had A Farm. Glasgow City Libraries & Archives. p.7. As he had no issue, the lands of Cardonald passed to his sister's son, Walter Stewart, 1st Lord Blantyre. His family resided at the Place of Cardonald for generations, and retained lands in Cardonald until the 20th century.Innes, John. (1993). Old Cardonald Had A Farm. Glasgow City Libraries & Archives. p.9. With the death of the 12th Lord Blantyre in 1900, his estates passed to his grandson, William Arthur Baird. Highrise flats in Cardonald The transformation of Cardonald from a rural to an urban community was largely brought about by the coming of the railway and the tram in the 19th century. The first railway to reach Cardonald was the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway, with a station (then known as Moss Road station) opening on Berryknowes Road in 1843.Innes, John. (1993). Old Cardonald Had A Farm. Glasgow City Libraries & Archives. p.11. However, due to poor traffic returns, this station was closed in 1845. In 1879, the present day Cardonald railway station opened on the same site.Butt, R.V.J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations. Patrick Stephens Ltd, Sparkford. p.164.Innes, John. (1993). Old Cardonald Had A Farm. Glasgow City Libraries & Archives. p.35. The siting of this station influenced the building of the terrace of houses at Hillington Park Circus and the large country houses of Dalveon and Turnberry on Berryknowes Road, along with the terraced houses in Kingsland and Queensland Drive.Innes, John. (1993). Old Cardonald Had A Farm. Glasgow City Libraries & Archives. p.11. There was also the lodge house on Berryknowes road next to Dalveon house which was part of the estate (now Craigton cemetery) that contained Cruickston Hall (now the site of the new Lourdes Primary School) and Craigton House. Muirdrum Avenue, South Cardonald With the arrival of the electric tram in 1903, the growth of Cardonald began in earnest along the stretch of Paisley Road West between the little villages of Cardonald and Halfway, with the building of Cardonald Police station (1905) and Nazareth House (1906). In 1926, Glasgow Corporation bought the Cardonald estates from William Arthur Baird. The final upsurge in house building in the area took place from 1931, when most of the existing farm land disappeared, with the building of the North Cardonald and South Cardonald houses by the Western Heritable Investment Company after 1935. North Cardonald was mostly made up of owner-occupied houses and council homes owned by Glasgow Corporation (the predecessor to Glasgow City Council), while South Cardonald was mostly composed of owner-occupied and privately rented cottage flats. The 1930s also saw the building of two cinemas in the area, The Westway (1934-1960) and the Aldwych/Vogue (1938-1964). The Westway later became the Flamingo ballroom, and was then a bingo hall until its demolition in 2003. The Vogue was demolished in 1964 and replaced by a supermarket. In the 1950s, the Corporation erected the UK's first high-rise flats in the area. Although only 10 storeys high, the Moss Heights flats were the first of many high-rise blocks to be built in Glasgow. They were revolutionary in the fact that their heating system was supplied from a central coal-fired boiler house. They have been renovated and survive well into the 21st century, unlike other developments constructed in later decades. Education Lourdes Secondary School Cardonald Campus of Glasgow Clyde College The first school in the vicinity of Cardonald was established at Halfway in 1790, by a local blacksmith who taught the rudiments of reading, writing and arithmetic. In 1860, Cardonald School was established when a school building and teacher's house were built at the corner of Paisley Road West and Lammermoor Avenue. The two-roomed, single-storey school building was extended in 1899 with the addition of a second storey, and was further extended in 1911. Cardonald School remained the only school in the area until the 1930s when Lourdes Primary School and Angus Oval Primary School were built.Innes, John. (1993). Old Cardonald Had A Farm. Glasgow City Libraries & Archives. p.23. Cardonald School transferred to the new building (built on the site of the former Angus Oval Primary School) in 1965. NB Angus Oval had acted as an annexe for Cardonald Primary for some years - handling Primaries 1 and 2 until around 1963. The old Cardonald School building on Paisley Rd. West was used as a careers office and for a number of other uses, before being demolished in 2003. In the heart of north Cardonald was Belses Primary school. Sited on Belses Drive at the junction of Kingsland Drive. This was an annexe for the larger Hillington Primary school. After this wooden school was demolished a new school was built on the existing playing field at Hallrule drive. The Roman Catholic Lourdes Secondary School was opened in 1956. Cardonald College, one of Scotland's largest further education colleges, opened in 1972. It merged with Anniesland College and Langside College in August 2013 to form Glasgow Clyde College, and was renamed Cardonald Campus. Religion The oldest church in the area is Cardonald Parish Church (Church of Scotland), which was built at the corner of Paisley Road West and Cardonald Place Road on a plot of ground which was donated by Lord Blantyre. The red sandstone church, designed by Peter Macgregor Chalmers, was built 1887-1889 and was dedicated in February 1889. The west wing was added in 1899 and the east wing in 1925, while the church halls were built in 1940. Innes, John. (1993). Old Cardonald Had A Farm. Glasgow City Libraries & Archives. p.21. Cardonald Parish Church Hillington Park Parish Church (Church of Scotland) was originally called “Cardonald United Free Church”, with the current church hall on Berryknowes Road being built as a parish church of the United Free Church of Scotland in 1908. The harled red sandstone church was built 1924-1925. With the union of the United Free Church and the Church of Scotland in 1929, the church was renamed as Hillington Park Parish Church. Riches, Anne., Higgs, Malcolm., and Williamson, Elizabeth. (1990). Pevsner Architectural Guides - Buildings of Scotland: Glasgow. Yale University Press. p. 602. The local Roman Catholic church, Our Lady of Lourdes, was designed by Stellmacs Ltd and built 1937-1939. This church, which opened in May 1939, replaced an earlier small chapel which had been built on the site in 1922. The local Catholic community had originally met in Maryland House and then from 1906 in the chapel of Nazareth House. Riches, Anne., Higgs, Malcolm., and Williamson, Elizabeth. (1990). Pevsner Architectural Guides - Buildings of Scotland: Glasgow. Yale University Press. p. 602. Innes, John. (1993). Old Cardonald Had A Farm. Glasgow City Libraries & Archives. p.34. The Church of the Good Shepherd (Scottish Episcopal Church) on Hillington Road was designed by Noad & Wallace and was built 1939-1940. Riches, Anne., Higgs, Malcolm., and Williamson, Elizabeth. (1990). Pevsner Architectural Guides - Buildings of Scotland: Glasgow. Yale University Press. p. 602. Before this church was built, the congregation, which was formed in 1938, had met in a shop at 2222 Paisley Road West. Bertie, David. (2000). Scottish Episcopal Clergy 1689-2000. T.& T.Clark Ltd. p.595. Amenities Cardonald Bowling ClubCardonald Bowling Club was established in 1914 and is a popular club within the area.History, Cardonald Bowling Club Transport The district is served by Cardonald railway station on the Inverclyde Line and by Mosspark railway station on the Paisley Canal line, as well as numerous bus routes. There is also easy access to the Clyde Tunnel and the M8 motorway via Junction 25. See also * Glasgow tower blocks References Areas of Glasgow "

❤️ Ginger (disambiguation) 🐺

"Ginger is a delicacy, medicine, or cooking spice made from the stem of the plant Zingiber officinale. Ginger may also refer to: Businesses * Ginger Hotels, a chain of budget hotels across India * Ginger Productions, a television production company * Ginger Software, an Israeli company, providing software for grammar and spelling correction Characters * Ginger (comics), a character in The Beezer * Ginger, a sorrel mare in Anna Sewell's Black Beauty * Ginger, the main character in Chicken Run * Ginger, a character in the Disney Fairies books * Ginger, a character on Phineas and Ferb * Ginger, a character on The Simpsons * Ginger, a character on The West Wing Film * Ginger (1935 film), an American comedy film * Ginger, a 1946 Monogram film by Oliver Drake * Ginger (2013 film), an Indian film Literature * Ginger: The Life and Death of Albert Goodwin, a 1990 book by Susan Mayse * Ginger (book), a children's picture book by Charlotte Voake Music * Ginger (band), a 1990s Canadian rock band or their 1993 debut album * Ginger (musician) or David Walls (born 1964), English rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter * Ginger (Brockhampton album) (2019) * Ginger (Speedy J album) (1993) * Ginger, an album by The Figgs * "Ginger", a 1997 song by David Devant & His Spirit Wife * "Ginger", a song by Irving Berlin Places * Ginger, Washington, United States, an unincorporated community * Ginger Island, part of the British Virgin Islands * Ginger Islands, Antarctica Other uses * Ginger (name), a given name, nickname, or surname and list of people with the name * Hurricane Ginger, a 1971 Atlantic hurricane * Ginger, the code name used for the Segway PT before its release * Ginger, a nickname given to the first of the Egyptian Gebelein predynastic mummies * Ginger, a slang term referring to a person with red hair, sometimes in a derogatory sense See also * Ginger Collection, a collection of philatelic material * Ginger Fish or Kenneth Robert Wilson (born 1965), American drummer * Ginger Group, a faction of radical Canadian Progressive and Labour Members of Parliament who advocated socialism * Ginger Group (Queensland), a group of Liberal Party of Australia MLAs during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s * Ginger Spice or Geri Halliwell (born 1972), member of the Spice Girls * London Overground, also known as the "Ginger line" for its color on the Tube map "

❤️ Fumarole 🐺

" Fumaroles on Mount Redoubt in Alaska Fumarole at Námafjall, Iceland Sampling gases at a fumarole on Mount Baker in Washington, United States Fumaroles at Vulcano, Sicily A fumarole (or fumerole – the word ultimately comes from the Latin fumus, "smoke") is an opening in a planet's crust which emits steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen sulfide. The steam forms when superheated water boils as its pressure drops when it emerges from the ground. A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases can be referred to as a solfatara (from old Italian solfo, "sulfur", although the modern Italian spelling is zolfo). Fumaroles may occur along tiny cracks, along long fissure, or in chaotic clusters or fields. They also occur on the surface of lava or pyroclastic flows. A fumarole field is an area of thermal springs and gas vents where shallow magma or hot igneous rocks release gases or interact with groundwater. When they occur in freezing environments, fumaroles may cause fumarolic ice towers. Fumaroles may persist for decades or centuries if located above a persistent heat source; or they may disappear within weeks to months if they occur atop a fresh volcanic deposit that quickly cools. The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, for example, was formed during the 1912 eruption of Novarupta in Alaska. Initially, thousands of fumaroles occurred in the cooling ash from the eruption, but over time most of them have become extinct. An estimated four thousand fumaroles exist within the boundaries of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. In April 2006 fumarole emissions killed three ski-patrol workers east of Chair 3 at Mammoth Mountain Ski Area in California. The workers were overpowered by toxic fumes (a mazuku) that had accumulated in a crevasse they had fallen into. Another example is an array of fumaroles in the Valley of Desolation in Morne Trois Pitons National Park in Dominica. Fumaroles emitting sulfurous vapors form surface deposits of sulfur-rich minerals; places in which these deposits have been mined include: * Kawah Ijen and Arjuno-Welirang, Indonesia * Purico ComplexGlobal Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution near San Pedro de Atacama in Chile * Xingyang in Henan province, China * Mt Tongariro in the central North Island, New Zealand * White Island in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand (mined from the 1880s to the 1930s) *Solfatara in Campi Flegrei in Italy On Mars The formation called Home Plate at Gusev Crater on Mars, which was examined by the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Spirit, is suspected to be the eroded remains of an ancient and extinct fumarole.R.V.Morris, S.W.Squyres, et al. "The Hydrothermal System at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars". Lunar & Planetary Science XXXIX(2008) See also * Boiling Lake * Cold seep * Hydrothermal vent * Mazuku * Mofetta * Mudpot * Mud volcano References External links *Sulfur Mining on Gunung Welirang Volcano "