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"The Fathers of Mercy () is a Catholic religious institute of missionary priests, founded by Jean-Baptiste Rauzan in early 19th-century France. History Foundation The institute was first established at Lyon, France, in 1808, and later at Paris, in 1814, and finally approved by Pope Gregory XVI on 18 February 1834. The founder, Jean-Baptiste Rauzan, was born at Bordeaux on 5 December 1757, and died in Paris, 5 September 1847. After completing his ecclesiastical studies, he taught theology and sacred eloquence and later was chosen Vicar-General of Bordeaux where he inaugurated a missionary movement. Founder of the Fathers of Mercy After preaching in the Diocese of Troyes the institute received from the Government of Emperor Napoleon I, unsolicited, subsidies to defray the expenses of their missions. However, following Napoleon's dispute with Pope Pius VII, the society, called the Missionaries of France, was suppressed. In 1814, at the suggestion of Cardinal Fesch, Father Rauzan and his colleagues, were joined by the young Vicar-General of Chambéry, de Forbin-Janson, afterwards Bishop of Nancy, Denis-Luc Frayssinous, who founded St. Stanislaus College and instructed the young missionaries in sacred eloquence, Legris Duval, the St. Vincent de Paul of his day, Le Vasseur, Bach, Armand-Benjamin Caillau and Carboy. They evangelized the French cities of Orléans, Poitiers, Tours, Rennes, Marseilles, Toulon, Paris and other places, and established the Works of St. Geneviève and the Association of the Ladies of Providence in many parts of France. Rauzan founded the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Clotilde for the education of young ladies. The royal family assisted him financially and gave him the Mount Valerian, at that time the center of piety, and later one of the principal forts protecting the capital. In 1830, during the second Revolution, the Missionaries of France were dispersed and exiled and their house in Paris sacked. Rauzan went to Rome, where he was received by Pope Gregory XVI, who authorized him to found a new society, to be known as the Fathers of Mercy. The Papal Brief of approbation, which also contains the constitutions, was given 18 February 1834, and on 15 March of the same year a second Brief, affiliating the new society to the Propaganda Fide, and the former Missionaries of France accepted these constitutions on 8 December 1835. Its members included Mgr Faillet, Bishop of Orléans, Mgr. Duquesnay, Archbishop of Cambrai, Victor-Felix Bernadou, Archbishop of Sens, who later became a cardinal. The Fathers of Mercy resumed their missionary activities in France, but all religious societies were subject to the decree of expulsion in 1880. However, through the influence of their many friends in Paris, and claiming the enforcement of the authorization given to the society by the restored Bourbon king Louis XVIII in 1816, the Fathers of Mercy retained their mother- house in Paris until the separation of the Church and State in 1905, when they moved to Belgium. In 1839, at the suggestion of Bishop Hughes of New York, Mgr. Forbin-Janson introduced the Fathers of Mercy into the United States, initially in the Diocese of New Orleans. Bishop Potiers of Mobile, Alabama, then invited them to take charge of Spring Hill College. Two years later, Fathers Lafont and Aubril were sent to look after the increasing French population in New York City, where the Fathers of Mercy took charge of the parishes of St. Vincent de Paul, Manhattan, and of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Francis de Chantal, Brooklyn. They also set up houses of studies in Rome, Belgium, France and other places. By a decree of Propaganda in August 1906, Theophile Wucher was named Vicar General of the Institute for three years and took up residence in New York. the Fathers had one house, their Generalate, in Auburn, Kentucky at South Union. The Community Chapel of Divine Mercy A view of the sanctuary and nave from the choir loft in the Chapel of Divine Mercy near the end of construction In the spring of 2006 the Fathers of Mercy began construction on the Chapel of Divine Mercy. This chapel took over 2 years to construct and in August 2008 was consecrated, by the Most Rev. John Jeremiah McRaith, and opened to the public. Events Several events are held annually at the Fathers of Mercy Generalate and the Chapel of Divine Mercy. These include the Divine Mercy celebration, the Corpus Christi procession, and the celebrations of vows and Ordinations. Charism The Fathers of Mercy define their charism as: > Nature: We are a religious clerical congregation of pontifical right. > General Purpose: The honor of God and the sanctification of our members. > Specific Purpose: The following of Christ and the perfection of the > individual members through our apostolate for the propagation of the Faith > and the salvation of souls. Character: We are entirely ordered to the > apostolate, with our primary focus on the Spiritual Works of Mercy. This > apostolate may be undertaken among those without the true Faith or among the > faithful living in rural or neglected areas. The primary apostolate of the > Fathers of Mercy is the preaching of parish missions and retreats; we also > assist bishops with the staffing of rural parishes. Spirit: Our work > emphasizes the Mercy of God: Our venerable founder, Father Jean Baptiste > Rauzan, provided us with the "Father of the Prodigal Son" as our model, as > well as the scripture verse: "He was moved with mercy" (cf. Luke 15:20) as > our motto. Missionary spirit and zeal for the salvation of souls: This is > seen in our preaching parish missions to believers, in our parish work, in > our missions to non-believers, in our administration of the Sacraments, > especially the Sacraments of Confession and the Holy Eucharist, and the > preaching of the Word of God. Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary: Our > specific form of devotion is to the Immaculate Conception, because we were > placed under this title of Our Lady by Pope Gregory XVI when he approved our > Congregation in 1834, some twenty years before Pope Pius IX defined the > dogma in 1854. Obedience to all lawful authority - ecclesiastical and civil: > We are especially obedient to the Pope, to the Bishops in whose dioceses we > are serving, and to our Superior General. Sound Traditions: Devotion to the > Rosary: We recite five decades of the rosary every day and celebrate the > Memorial of Our Lady of the Rosary on October 7th with great solemnity. Our > Founder, Father Rauzan, often prayed the Rosary knowing that it was the best > means that his missionaries had for winning souls for the honor of God and > their own sanctification. Seeking the protection of the Blessed Mother: We > end all our spiritual exercises with the ancient prayer Sub tuum praesidium: > We fly unto thy patronage, O Holy Mother of God.Despise not our petitions in > our necessities, but deliver us from all dangers,O Ever Glorious and Blessed > Virgin. Consecration to the Blessed Virgin Mary: Our members consecrate > themselves to the Blessed Virgin Mary every year on the Solemnity of the > Immaculate Conception, December 8th. We have a yearly novena to our Lady > under this title, and this is a solemnity proper to our Congregation. The > original Constitutions drawn up by Father Rauzan affirmed the belief that > one goes surely to Jesus through Mary. Placing ourselves under the patronage > of the Blessed Virgin Mary, we profess our Final/Perpetual Vows on August > 15th, the Solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and we try > to schedule all of our Ordinations on a Marian feast day. Distinctive habit: > Our habit, given to us by our Founder, which he adopted from the secular > clergy, is a black Roman cassock with a black cincture. In addition, a badge > with the emblem of the Congregation - the Return of the Prodigal Son - is > worn on the upper left side of the habit. Dedication to personal reform: > Each member is required to undertake mental prayer and an examination of > conscience twice a day.Fathers of Mercy, "Elements of the Charism of the > Fathers of Mercy," , August 21, 2008. External links Fathers of Mercy * Delaporte, Albert (1892). Vie du très révérend père Jean-Baptiste Rauzan fondateur et premier supérieur général de la Société des Missions de France, aujourd'hui Société des prêtres de la miséricorde sous le titre de l'immaculée-conception, fondateur de la congrégation des dames de Sainte-Clotilde. Paris. References Catholic orders and societies Religious organizations established in 1808 Catholic religious institutes established in the 19th century 1808 establishments in France "
"Garage A Trois (a.k.a. GAT) is a quartet including drummer Stanton Moore, saxophonist Skerik, vibraphone and percussionist Mike Dillon and keyboardist Marco Benevento. They play a variety of music including rock, funk and jazz.Gambit cover story, Garage a Trois' Four-play Cristina Diettinger, Gambit, April 22, 2003 (the week leading to Jazz Fest) Retrieved March 13, 2008 Archived from the original History Garage A Trois was originally a trio founded by Moore, eight-string guitarist Charlie Hunter, and Skerik. It formed during the 1998 recording of Stanton Moore's debut All Kooked Out!, a session that also yielded Garage A Trois' debut recording Mysteryfunk. Both albums were produced by Dan Prothero on his independent Fog City Records label. They were also both recorded "live with no over dubs".liner notes Whereas All Kooked Out! was rehearsed, "straight-toned" and promoted as the initial release, Mysteryfunk was mostly improvised with electronically effected instruments and as Moore has stated had "all the freaky stuff."Interview WWOZ, All Kooked Out enhanced-CD, 1998, Fog City After success as a live act they took on vibraphonist and percussionist Mike Dillon. The quartet performed multiple tours on the national nightclub circuit and played at several festivals. They were known to perform a wide variety of music in any given show including funk, punk-rock with electronic effects, or straightforward jazz. Also as a quartet they released two composed studio albums in 2003 and 2005 abandoning the "live with no overdubs" recording ethos. In 2007 Moore, Skerik and Dillon continued to perform by the Garage A Trois moniker featuring other musicians such as John Medeski and Marco Benevento.Conversation with Stanton Moore Doug Collette, www.stateofmindmusic.com, April 2007 Retrieved June 21, 2007 The current quartet as of December 2007 including Moore, Skerik, Dillon and Benevento have been billed also as "Garage A Benevento", "Garaj A Benevento" and most recently as simply "Garage A Trois". October 2009 Garage A Trois released their first studio CD with the Benevento line-up, Power Patriot.Keith Spera Garage A Trois ranges from lounge jazz to prog-rock on a new CD nola.com, November 13, 2009 In 2011 the same lineup released another full-length disc, "Always Be Happy, But Stay Evil" on the Royal Potato Family label, and subsequently toured to promote it. On August 20, 2012 Garage A Trois played a show at the Brooklyn Bowl in New York, with a lineup consisting of just Charlie Hunter, Skerik and Mike Dillon. The show is notable for the return of Charlie Hunter, the lack of Benevento or Moore, and Dillon playing a traditional drum kit for most of the show.https://archive.org/details/gat2012-08-20.mk21.flac16 In October 2018, Garage-A-Trois announced a two-night performance featuring Stanton Moore, Charlie Hunter, and Skerik at Nectar Lounge in Seattle in February 2019. When both nights sold out quickly, they then added a third night performance which also sold out. Discography * 1999 Mysteryfunk (Fog City) * 2003 Emphasizer (Tone-Cool) * 2005 Outre Mer (Telarc) * 2009 Power Patriot (Royal Potato Family) * 2011 Always Be Happy, But Stay Evil (Royal Potato Family) References External links * Official site * Garage A Trois at MySpace * Fog City Records presents: Garage A Trois * Garage A Trois collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive American funk musical groups American jazz ensembles Jazz musicians from Louisiana Rock music groups from Louisiana "
"William G. Tifft is a retired astronomer at the University of Arizona. His main interests are in galaxies, superclusters and redshift quantization.William G. Tifft's Personal Web page at the U. Arizona He was influential in the development of the first redshift surveys, and was an early proponent of manned space astronomy, conducted at a proposed moon base for example. In retirement, he is a principal scientist with The Scientific Association for the Study of Time in Physics and Cosmology (SASTPC). He has an A.B. in Astronomy from Harvard University (1954), and Ph.D. in Astronomy from the California Institute of Technology (1958) where he wrote his dissertation on photoelectric photometry. Redshift quantization Based on observations of nearby galaxies, Tifft proposed that the redshifts of galaxies are quantized, or that they occur preferentially as multiples of a set number. These findings on redshift quantization were originally published in 1976 and 1977 in the Astrophysical Journal. The ideas were controversial when originally proposed; the editors of the Astrophysical Journal included a note in one of the papers stating that they could neither find errors within the analysis nor endorse the analysis. Subsequently, Tifft and Cocke put forward a theory to try to explain the quantization. Tifft's results were supported by Martin Croasdale, who claimed the effect to be statistically significant and the same over the whole sky, and later Napier and Guthrie. Since the initial publication of these results, Tifft's findings have been used by others, such as Halton Arp, in making an alternative explanation to the Big Bang Theory, which states that galaxies are redshifted because the universe is expanding. However, they have not found widespread support and are now dismissed by the majority of astronomers. Tifft himself, when interviewed for the popular science magazine Discover in 1993, stated that he was not necessarily claiming that the universe was not expanding.Dava Sobel, "Man stops universe, maybe - William Tifft believes the universe may not be expanding", Discover, April, 1993) External links *Tifft Articles at the NASA ADS Database References American astronomers Cosmologists Living people University of Arizona faculty Harvard University alumni California Institute of Technology alumni Year of birth missing (living people) "